Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, is a serious infection that affects the gums and supporting structures around your teeth. It is caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth, which harbor harmful bacteria. This condition is caused by bacteria in dental plaque, a sticky film that constantly forms on your teeth. If left untreated, the disease can lead to tooth loss and may contribute to other systemic health conditions.
Understanding the Stages of Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease progresses through different stages, each requiring unique treatments to manage and reverse its effects:
- Gingivitis: The earliest stage of gum disease, gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gums. Symptoms include redness, swelling, and bleeding during brushing or flossing. Gingivitis is reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional cleaning.
- Periodontists: If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to periodontists, where plaque spreads below the gumline. Toxins from bacteria cause inflammation and damage to the supporting bone and tissues. Symptoms may include gum recession, pockets between teeth and gums, and sensitivity.
- Advanced Periodontitis: In this severe stage, the infection damages the fibers and bone that support your teeth. Symptoms include loose teeth, severe gum recession, and possible tooth loss. Treatment is more intensive at this stage, often involving surgical intervention.
Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
Early detection is key to managing periodontal disease effectively. Some common signs include:
- Persistent bad breath
- Swollen, tender, or bleeding gums
- Receding gums or teeth appearing longer
- Pain when chewing
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Changes in bite alignment
- Formation of deep pockets between the teeth and gums
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to seek evaluation and treatment from a periodontist.
Health Risks Associated with Periodontal Disease
Research shows that disease not only affects oral health but is also linked to various systemic health issues. Untreated periodontal diseases has been associated with an increased risk of:
- Cardiovascular Disease: Gum disease can increase inflammation throughout the body, potentially impacting heart health.
- Diabetes: Periodontal diseases can complicate blood sugar management, and those with diabetes are at higher risk for gum disease.
- Respiratory Problems: Bacteria from gum infections can be inhaled into the lungs, potentially worsening respiratory conditions.
- Pregnancy Complications: Pregnant individuals with periodontal disease may have a higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.
How We Treat Periodontal Disease at PerioPDX
At PerioPDX, we take a comprehensive approach to treating disease, using both non-surgical and surgical methods tailored to each patient’s unique needs. Our treatments may include:
- Scaling and Root Planing: A deep cleaning process to remove plaque and tartar buildup below the gumline.
- Laser Therapy: Targeted laser treatment to remove bacteria and promote healing.
- Surgical Interventions: In advanced cases, we may recommend procedures such as pocket reduction surgery or bone grafts to restore damaged tissue.
- Bone Grafting: If the disease has caused significant bone loss, bone grafts may be placed to restore the bone structure and support the teeth.
- Guided Tissue Regeneration: A technique used to encourage the growth of new bone and tissue, often after bone grafting, to restore areas where bone loss has occurred.
Preventing Periodontal Disease
Good oral hygiene and regular checkups are key to preventing periodontal diseases. We recommend:
- Brushing twice a day and flossing daily
- Scheduling regular dental cleanings and exams
- Avoiding tobacco products
- Managing chronic health conditions, such as diabetes
- Avoid smoking and maintain a healthy diet to reduce the risk of gum disease.
Our team at PerioPDX is here to provide you with personalized guidance and preventive care to protect your smile for years to come. Our periodontist are trained to manage more complex and advanced stages of gum disease.